The Next Generation 3GeV Synchrotron Radiation Facility Project in Japan

Advanced synchrotron radiation (SR) has been recognized as a premier research tool for developments of science and technology as well as for core industrial applications. Large-scale SR facilities around the world are constantly evolving, providing super brilliant and super directive X-rays. Consequently, a new range of applications in the nano-disciplines has been created.

Orbital Crossing with Spin Flip Found in Noncentrosymmetric Metals

Abstract

In noncentrosymmetric metals, the antisymmetric spin orbit interaction resolves spin degeneracy of electronic bands and therefore a Fermi surface splits into two pieces. In the metals belonging to a certain point group, however, the spin degeneracy recovers at the special symmetry points. Here, we found the orbital crossing phenomenon in which a carrier transfers from one split Fermi surface to the other one at a degenerate point. We further estimated the probability of crossing the orbital and revealed that the estimation allows us to judge the occurrence of spin flip at the degenerate point.

Cooperation Between AAPPS-DNP (ANPhA) and NuPECC: Efforts Toward Long-range Plans for Nuclear Physics

This article is part of a series of contributions from the AAPPS.

The Origin of Water’s Anomalous Properties Captured by X-ray Experiments

Water is the most important liquid for our existence on Earth and it plays an essential role in physics, chemistry, biology and geoscience. What makes water unique is not only its importance but also the anomalous behavior of many of its macroscopic properties. For example, density, specific heat, viscosity and compressibility of water behave in ways opposite to other liquids that we know. If we look at a glass of ice water, everything is, in a sense, upside down.

Exploring the energy frontier in particle physics

The desire to understand the elementary constituents of matter and their interactions has been one of the most important drivers of physics research. In the past 50 years, major progress in the field of particle physics has been made by accelerating particles to the highest energies available (the energy frontier) and by colliding them to produce and study new particles and interactions. Recent examples are the 1992 discovery of the top quark, by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) and D0 experiments, in the Tevatron collider at Fermilab; and the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson, by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) and A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS (ATLAS) experiments, in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. These important discoveries, as well as many others, are the experimental foundations of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics.

The Australian SKA Pathfinder: A ‘next generation’ Radio Telescope

The Australian SKA Pathfinder is a new 36-element radio interferometer designed to be a fast survey telescope. Its key technology, phased-array receivers designed by CSIRO, has shown proven advantages in bandwidth, field of view and adaptability. ASKAP is located at a superbly ‘radio quiet’ site in Western Australia, one of the sites that will house the international Square Kilometre Array.

LIGO Detected Primordial Black Holes?

In September 2015, gravitational waves (GWs) were detected for the first time by the LIGO detectors, the two laser interferometers in the United States. It was found that detected GWs originate from the coalescence of two black holes (BHs) in a binary, each weighing about 30 times the mass of the Sun (30 solar mass). Although there have been indirect observations of BHs in the X-ray binaries, their masses are at most 15 solar masses.

Researchers from China Obtain High-quality InGaAs/GaAsSb Superlattice Structures

IInGaAs/GaAsSb superlattice structure is very attractive in photodetectors and light emitting devices. However, the growth of high quality GaAsSb alloys is a challenge. Recently, a research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has successfully obtained high quality InGaAs/GaAsSb superlattice structures based on a broad analysis of growth mechanisms [1].

A Neutron Optical Approach to Explore the Foundation of Quantum Mechanics

theory describes the behavior of a system at atomic and smaller scales. At the beginning of the 20th century, the theory was developed and became one of the most successful theories in physics; for a wide range of the field, the validity of the theory has been verified with high accuracy by experiments. From the beginning, how- ever, quantum mechanics has also supplied an extraordi- nary and even counter-intuitive view of nature: contrary to its success, the predictions by quantum theory are governed by a probability law and its logic is different from that in classical physics, to which we have become accustomed to in our ordinary lives.

Ultra-high Power Lasers & Strong Field Science Research in Asia

Strong field science has become one of the most active areas of research with the development of ultra-high power lasers. Ever since the introduction of the chirped pulse amplification technique in 1985, available laser power has increased dramatically. The coupling of the CPA technique with picosecond and femtosecond laser technology has made compact ultrashort high-power lasers readily accessible, boosting their usage in almost all areas of science, medicine and engineering. Fascinatingly ultra-high power lasers with power exceeding 100 TW or even 1 PW are now available or being prepared in a number of institutes around the world. Starting from the development of the 0.85-PW laser…

First beam of antihydrogen atoms

ASACUSA at CERN, Antiproton Decelerator [AD], a Japanese-European collaboration working on antihydrogen production for the CPT symmetry test, has unambiguously detected an antihydrogen beam 2.7 meters downstream from the production region, for the first time. This is an important milestone towards high precision tests of the CPT symmetry via antihydrogen spectroscopy.

It is well-known that matter and antimatter are always created in equal amounts in laboratory experiments. It is …

An overview of Neutron Facilities in Asia and Oceania

Since the mid 1940’s, the research reactors had provided stable and reliable neutron sources for experimental research of neutron scattering. By recognizing unique features and powerful probe ability of neutrons, particularly for material and life science, Europe and North America accelerated building high-flux beam reactors dedicated to neutron scattering in 1960’s and 1970’s. A large number of neutron users in these regions resulted in the formation of the European Neutron Scattering Association [ENSA] and the Neutron Scattering Society of America [NSSA], respectively.
In the Asia-Oceania Region, on the other hand, India and Australia initiated neutron scattering…